Hello there, science enthusiasts!
I’m thrilled to take you on a captivating journey from medieval times to your modern-day medicine cabinet. Our protagonist? A versatile diabetes-fighter you’ve likely heard of – metformin. Remember, the information I share is for educational purposes, not a recommendation or prescription. Always consult with your healthcare provider before starting any medication.
Once upon a time, in the verdant fields of Southern and Eastern Europe, a humble plant called the French lilac or goat’s rue (Galega officinalis) was used as a folk remedy for diabetes. It’s intriguing to realize that our ancestors were onto something, even without the biological understanding we have today!
Leapfrog to the early 20th century, when scientists successfully isolated guanidine, the plant’s antihyperglycemic component. Guanidine’s synthesized relatives seemed promising, but unfortunately, their toxicity disqualified them from clinical use.
In the 1950s, a trio of biguanides—metformin, phenformin, and buformin—emerged on the scene. Phenformin and buformin were withdrawn due to their lactic acidosis risk, but metformin has stood the test of time.
Metformin is a bisubstituted, short-chain, hydrophilic guanidine derivative. It’s so effective that it’s the recommended initial therapy for most newly diagnosed T2D patients according to the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for Study of Diabetes. Gaining approval in the UK in 1958 and the US in 1995, it has been a go-to treatment, with doses ranging from 500 to 2,500 mg/day.
Now, let’s talk about metformin’s powers. This drug can suppress glucose production in the liver, decrease intestinal glucose absorption, and boost glucose uptake by target tissues. Not only that, but it also contributes to weight loss in some patients by enhancing hepatic and muscle insulin sensitivity, without causing overt hypoglycaemia, a common worry with other diabetes medications.
Some people believe that metformin stimulates weight loss due to a primary anorectic effect. However, it’s important to note that metformin can have more gastrointestinal side effects than other single medications for T2D and should not be used if you have renal insufficiency.
In essence, metformin’s journey from a medieval herb to a modern pharmaceutical marvel is a testament to human ingenuity and the power of science. Today, it’s a crucial part of the arsenal in the fight against T2D, empowering millions to manage this complex disease. Remember, the mysteries of science are often hidden in plain sight!
Stay curious, stay informed, and as always – keep exploring the amazing world of science!
Till next time!
P.S. This blog aims to educate and share fascinating science stories. It’s not intended to provide medical advice or suggest specific treatments. Always consult your healthcare provider for personal medical advice.
